After receiving my new enclosures (JMS583) today, and they also ran at USB 2.0 speeds, I was able to figure out the problem.
Of the cables in the photo, guess which one(s) support speeds of USB 3+? ............................... None of them!
I had another two cables--one really bent and twisted one that came with the new enclosure, and another really short and thick one. These connected the new enclosures AS WELL AS MY ORICO ENCLOSURE at the correct speeds, reported as: USB 3.2 Gen 2 SuperSpeedPlus.
I hope this helps someone in the future, and thanks to those who assisted.
You can tell by looking at them 90% of them look like china phone charge cables they are always USB 2.0
Nearly all cables on aliexpress/amazon/ebay are 2.0 you have to look hard to find a decent quality 10 Gbps cable nevermind faster
quite simply as 99.9% of people buying usb cables are buying them to charge phones
and they have no idea and dont care about data speeds
generally if they say 65w 100w 200w etc they are usb 2.0 cables being pushed to users trying to explode their phone battery as fast as poss
there are also large differences between USB 3.x 5 Gbps / 3.x Gen2 10 Gbps / 3.x Gen2x2 20 Gbps / 40 Gbps
you always have to keep 10 Gbps cables seperate from 5 Gbps cables and USB 2.0 cables in a bag on their own
You cant tell by how nice a cable looks, look at my 90° USB 2.0 cables they look quite nice but they are junk cables
i ordered them for specific usecases knowing what i was getting (usb 1.1 thermal printers and such)
I generally keep a known good cable at the spec'd speed with each device